This misunderstanding led to contemporary reports naming it the " Spanish flu." Investigative work by a British team led by virologist John Oxford of St Bartholomew's Hospital and the Royal London Hospital, identified a major troop staging and hospital camp in Étaples, France as almost certainly being the center of the 1918 flu pandemic.
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Because Spain was neutral, their media was free to report on the Flu, giving the impression that it began there. When the extent of the epidemic was realized, the respective censorship programs of the Allies and Central Powers limited the public's knowledge regarding the true extent of the disease. The resulting casualties having greater effect, having been incurred during the war, as opposed to the allies who suffered the brunt of the pandemic after the Armistice. It has been posited that the Central Powers may have been exposed to the viral wave before the Allies. Historians continue to argue about the impact the 1918 flu pandemic had on the outcome of the war. In Albania promiscuous fighting is going on.Gabriele D'Annunzio's seizes Fiume, creates the Italian Regency of Carnaro.Silesia tension between the Poles and Germans.General Petlura's Ukrainian directorate.Wars of independence in the Baltic states.Food shipments, furthermore, had been entirely dependent on Allied goodwill, causing at least in part the post-hostilities irregularity. However, it is also the case that for eight months following the end of hostilities, the blockade was continually in place, with some estimates that a further 100,000 casualties among German civilians due to starvation were caused, on top of the hundreds of thousands which already had occurred. Finally, she concludes that "the very success of the relief effort had in effect deprived the of a credible threat to induce Germany to sign the Treaty of Versailles. She further claims that the German government delayed the relief effort by refusing to surrender their merchant fleet to the Allies. Gläser further claims that during the early months of 1919, while the main relief effort was being planned, France provided food shipments to Bavaria and the Rhineland.
This position is also supported by Elisabeth Gläser who notes that an Allied task force, to help feed the German population, was established in early 1919 and that by May 1919 " Germany became the chief recipient of American and Allied food shipments". Further, Marks states that despite the problems facing the Allies, from the German government, "Allied food shipments arrived in Allied ships before the charge made at Versailles". Historian Sally Marks claims that while "Allied warships remained in place against a possible resumption of hostilities, the Allies offered food and medicine after the armistice, but Germany refused to allow its ships to carry supplies".
The German government was required to use its gold reserves, being unable to secure a loan from the United States. driving them with the fury of despair into the arms of the devil." The terms of the Armistice did allow food to be shipped into Germany, but the Allies required that Germany provide the means (the shipping) to do so. The continuation of the blockade after the fighting ended, as author Robert Leckie wrote in Delivered From Evil, did much to "torment the Germans . Howard, of the University of Sheffield, says that a further quarter of a million more died from disease or starvation in the eight-month period following the conclusion of the conflict. As the German economy was dependent on imports, it is estimated that 523,000 civilians had lost their lives. Through the period from the Armistice of 11 November 1918 until the signing of the Treaty of Versailles with the Weimar Republic on 28 June 1919, the Allies maintained the naval blockade of Germany that had begun during the war. World War I also had the effect of bringing political transformation to most of the principal parties involved in the conflict, transforming them into electoral democracies by bringing near- universal suffrage for the first time in history, as in Germany ( 1919 German federal election), Great Britain ( 1918 United Kingdom general election), and Turkey ( 1923 Turkish general election). Four empires collapsed due to the war, old countries were abolished, new ones were formed, boundaries were redrawn, international organizations were established, and many new and old ideologies took a firm hold in people's minds. The aftermath of World War I saw drastic political, cultural, economic, and social change across Eurasia, Africa, and even in areas outside those that were directly involved.
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